Relationship between Triglyceride and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Korean Men

Jun-Seok Son; Hyun-Min Koh; Jong-kyung Park

doi:10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.3.115

Korean J Health Promot > Volume 15(3); 2015 > Article

Son, Koh, and Park: Relationship between Triglyceride and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Korean Men

Original Article

Korean Journal of Health Promotion 2015;15(3):115-120.

Published online: December 19, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.3.115

Relationship between Triglyceride and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Korean Men

Jun-Seok Son¹, Hyun-Min Koh², Jong-kyung Park²

²Departments of Occupational & Environmental Medicine and Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea

²Family Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea

Corresponding author：Hyun-Min Koh, MD Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 158 Paryong-ro, MasanHoewon-gu, Changwon 51353, Korea
Tel: +82-55-290-6554, Fax: +82-55-290-1224 E-mail: sunkhm@naver.com

Received April 29, 2015 Accepted August 13, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT

Background

As the elderly population increasing, the interest in osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases has increased in recent years. In accordance with such trend, many studies regarding correlations between bone density and hyperlipidemia have been conducted. However, the study outcomes have been inconsistent so far, and most of the studies focused on females. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum lipid levels and bone density in healthy Korean male adults.

Methods

This study surveyed 851 male adults, who visited an examination center at a university hospital, on smoking, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes history. A laboratory examination measured total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1, and apolipoprotein B. For bone density, lumbar, femoral neck, and femur were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results

Body mass index (BMI) and bone density T-value showed a positive correlation. Triglyceride exhibited a positive correlation with bone density T-value, and they still revealed a significant positive correlation after correcting for age and BMI. While high density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a negative correlation with bone density, they were not correlated significantly after correcting for age and BMI. There was no correlation found between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and bone density.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that bone densities of all areas measured were significantly increased in Korean male adults as triglyceride increased. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol did not show a significant correlation with bone density.

Keywords: Bone density, Dyslipidemias, Triglycerides, Male

Table 1.

General characteristics of the study subjects^a

Characteristics	Total (n=851)
Age, y	47.81±6.13
BMI, kg/m²	23.89±2.66
TC, mg/dL	199.89±33.90
HDL-C, mg/dL	55.88±13.49
LDL-C, mg/dL	130.22±31.95
Triglyceride, mg/dL	125.87±77.55
Apo A-1, mg/dL	141.80±23.72
Apo B, mg/dL	99.81±23.82
Lumbar BMD T-score	-0.86±1.10
Femur neck BMD T-score	-0.17±0.99
Total hip BMD T-score	0.19±0.94
Current smoker, %	342 (40.2)
Alcohol consumption, %	824 (96.8)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMD, bone mineral density.

^aValues are presented as N (%) or mean±SD.

Table 2.

Pearson’s correlation coefficients between BMD T-score and other characteristics

	Lumbar		Femur neck		Total hip
	r^a	P^b	r^a	P^b	r^a	P^b
Age, y	-0.101	0.018	-0.172	<0.001	-0.091	0.024
BMI, kg/m²	0.234	<0.001	0.342	<0.001	0.369	<0.001
TC, mg/dL	-0.023	0.504	-0.012	0.732	0.004	0.910
HDL-C, mg/dL	-0.068	0.047	-0.131	<0.001	-0.127	<0.001
LDL-C, mg/dL	0.010	0.770	0.016	0.633	0.019	0.547
Triglyceride, mg/dL	0.068	0.047	0.077	0.024	0.089	0.009
Apo A-1, mg/dL	-0.067	0.048	-0.104	0.002	-0.083	0.016
Apo B, mg/dL	0.010	0.773	0.037	0.284	0.050	0.142

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMD, bone mineral density.

^aPearson’s correlation coefficients.

^bCalculated by Pearson’s correlation analysis.

Table 3.

Age and BMI-adjusted partial correlation analysis between BMD T-score and serum lipids

	Lumbar		Femur neck		Total hip
	r^a	P^b	r^a	P^b	r^a	P^b
TC	-0.058	0.123	-0.071	0.056	-0.055	0.140
HDL-C	-0.079	0.064	-0.068	0.091	-0.059	0.124
LDL-C	0.021	0.571	0.034	0.363	0.027	0.472
Triglyceride	0.088	0.018	0.092	0.014	0.078	0.046
Apo A-1	-0.060	0.087	-0.045	0.225	-0.020	0.584
Apo B	0.058	0.122	0.062	0.097	0.046	0.219

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMD, bone mineral density.

^aPartial correlation coefficient adjusted for age and BMD.

^bCalculated by partial correlation analysis adjusted for age and BMI.

REFERENCES

1.. Hyder JA, Allison MA, Criqui MH, Wright CM. Association between systemic calcified atherosclerosis and bone density. Calcif Tissue Int 2007;80(5):301-6.

2.. Frye MA, Melton LJ 3rd, Bryant SC, Fitzpatrick LA, Wahner HW, Schwartz RS, et al. Osteoporosis and calcification of the aorta. Bone Miner 1992;19(2):185-94.

3.. Kado DM, Browner WS, Blackwell T, Gore R, Cummings SR. Rate of bone loss is associated with mortality in older women: a prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15(10):1974-80.

4.. Mussolino ME, Madans JH, Gillum RF. Bone mineral density and mortality in women and men: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13(10):692-7.

5.. Wang PS, Solomon DH, Mogun H, Avorn J. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly patients. JAMA 2000;283(24):3211-6.

6.. Parhami F. Possible role of oxidized lipids in osteoporosis: could hyperlipidemia be a risk factor? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2003;68(6):373-8.

7.. Parhami F, Garfinkel A, Demer LL. Role of lipids in osteoporosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20(11):2346-8.

8.. Tankó LB, Bagger YZ, Nielsen SB, Christiansen C. Does serum cholesterol contribute to vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women? Bone 2003;32(1):8-14.

9.. Colles SM, Maxson JM, Carlson SG, Chisolm GM. Oxidized LDL-induced injury and apoptosis in atherosclerosis. Potential roles for oxysterols. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2001;11(3-4):131-8.

10.. Johnston CC Jr, Hui SL, Witt RM, Appledorn R, Baker RS, Longcope C. Early menopausal changes in bone mass and sex steroids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;61(5):905-11.

11.. Rosen CJ, Klibanski A. Bone, fat, and body composition: evolving concepts in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Am J Med 2009;122(5):409-14.

12.. Parhami F, Mody N, Gharavi N, Ballard AJ, Tintut Y, Demer LL. Role of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17(11):1997-2003.

13.. Parhami F, Morrow AD, Balucan J, Leitinger N, Watson AD, Tintut Y, et al. Lipid oxidation products have opposite effects on calcifying vascular cell and bone cell differentiation. A possible explanation for the paradox of arterial calcification in osteoporotic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17(4):680-7.

14.. Buhaescu I, Izzedine H. Mevalonate pathway: a review of clinical and therapeutical implications. Clin Biochem 2007;40(9-10):575-84.

15.. Kim YH, Nam GE, Cho KH, Choi YS, Kim SM, Han BD, et al. Low bone mineral density is associated with dyslipidemia in South Korean men: the 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Endocr J 2013;60(10):1179-89.

16.. Rhee EJ, Kim SY, Jung CH, Lhee HY, Lee WY, Kim SW. The correlation between lumbar spine bone mineral density and serum lipid profiles in apparently healthy Korean males. J Korean Soc Osteoporosis 2004;2(2):105-11.

17.. Suh YS. Relationship between bone mineral density and blood lipid in young and middle-aged men and pre-menopausal women. Korean J Health Promot 2007;7(4):238-44.

18.. Solomon DH, Avorn J, Canning CF, Wang PS. Lipid levels and bone mineral density. Am J Med 2005;118(12):1414.

19.. Wu LY, Yang TC, Kuo SW, Hsiao CF, Hung YJ, Hsieh CH, et al. Correlation between bone mineral density and plasma lipids in Taiwan. Endocr Res 2003;29(3):317-25.

20.. Adami S, Braga V, Zamboni M, Gatti D, Rossini M, Bakri J, et al. Relationship between lipids and bone mass in 2 cohorts of healthy women and men. Calcif Tissue Int 2004;74(2):136-42.

21.. Dennison EM, Syddall HE, Aihie Sayer A, Martin HJ, Cooper C. Hertfordshire Cohort Study Group. Lipid profile, obesity and bone mineral density: the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. QJM 2007;100(5):297-303.

22.. Hernández JL, Olmos JM, Ramos C, Martínez J, de Juan J, Valero C, et al. Serum lipids and bone metabolism in Spanish men: the Camargo cohort study. Endocr J 2010;57(1):51-60.

23.. Adami S, Braga V, Gatti D. Association between bone mineral density and serum lipids in men. JAMA 2001;286(7):791-2.

24.. Cui LH, Shin MH, Chung EK, Lee YH, Kweon SS, Park KS, et al. Association between bone mineral densities and serum lipid profiles of pre- and post-menopausal rural women in South Korea. Osteoporos Int 2005;16(12):1975-81.

25.. Zhao LJ, Liu YJ, Liu PY, Hamilton J, Recker RR, Deng HW. Relationship of obesity with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92(5):1640-6.

26.. Lenchik L, Register TC, Hsu FC, Lohman K, Nicklas BJ, Freedman BI, et al. Adiponectin as a novel determinant of bone mineral density and visceral fat. Bone 2003;33(4):646-51.

27.. Maurin AC, Chavassieux PM, Frappart L, Delmas PD, Serre CM, Meunier PJ. Influence of mature adipocytes on osteoblast proliferation in human primary cocultures. Bone 2000;26(5):485-9.

28.. Dragojevič J, Zupan J, Haring G, Herman S, Komadina R, Marc J. Triglyceride metabolism in bone tissue is associated with osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation: a gene expression study. J Bone Miner Metab 2013;31(5):512-9.

29.. D'Amelio P, Pescarmona GP, Gariboldi A, Isaia GC. High density lipoproteins (HDL) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a preliminary study. Menopause 2001;8(6):429-32.

30.. Yamaguchi T, Sugimoto T, Yano S, Yamauchi M, Sowa H, Chen Q, et al. Plasma lipids and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Endocr J 2002;49(2):211-7.