Association between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Vitamin D Levels in Adult Men in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

In Kyung Jung

doi:10.15384/kjhp.2019.19.4.210

Korean J Health Promot > Volume 19(4); 2019 > Article

Jung: Association between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Vitamin D Levels in Adult Men in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Original Article

Korean Journal of Health Promotion 2019;19(4):210-220.

Published online: December 31, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2019.19.4.210

Association between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Vitamin D Levels in Adult Men in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

In Kyung Jung

Department of Beauty Art, Honam University, Gwangju, Korea.

Corresponding author: In Kyung Jung, PhD. Department of Beauty Art, Honam University, 90 Honam-daero, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62399, Korea.
Tel: +82-62-940-3872, Fax: +82-62-940-3879, jungik@nate.com

Received August 26, 2019 Revised October 24, 2019 Accepted November 12, 2019

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT

Background

Patients with metabolic syndrome had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency is also related to metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and HDL-C levels.

Methods

To determine the association between HDL-C and vitamin D levels, 5,537 males who had no missing values were systematically selected from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Then, the association was investigated by a multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the effects of confounding factors on vitamin D and HDL-C levels, such as age, body mass index (BMI), sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors.

Results

In Korean men aged ≥20 years, the mean vitamin D and HDL-C levels were 18.3±0.2 ng/mL and 46.8±0.2 mg/dL, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of low HDL-C levels was 29.2±0.8%. After adjusting for age, BMI, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors, the risk of low HDL-C levels in the lowest quartile of vitamin D level was 1.296 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.035–1.623) times higher and that in the second quartile of vitamin D level was 1.354 (95% CI, 1.086–1.690) times higher than that in the third quartile of vitamin D level (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The risk of low HDL-C levels is associated with vitamin D level after adjustment for age, BMI, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors.

Keywords: Vitamin D, HDL-cholesterol, Metabolic syndrome, Life style

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Table 1

General characteristics of study subjects (n=5,537)

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SE, standard error.

^aCalculated by complex sample descriptive statistics.

Table 2

Frequency analysis of study subjects (n=5,537)^a

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SE, standard error.

^aCalculated by complex sample frequency analysis.

Table 3

The possible characteristics associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N, unweighted frequency; SE, standard error.

^aCalculated by complex sample descriptive statistics.

^bCalculated by complex sample general linear model.

Table 4

Association of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in men aged ≥20 years in KNHANES V

Values are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval).

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CI, confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OR, odds ratio.

^aAdjusted by BMI and age.

^bAdjusted by factors in model 1 and sociodemographic factors; e.g., region, residence, household income, education, and occupation.

^cAdjusted by factors in model 2 and life style factors; e.g., physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol use.

^dCalculated by complex sample logistic regression analysis.