Warning: mkdir(): Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 81

Warning: fopen(upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-07.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 83

Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 84
Energy Drink Consumption and Dietary-, Lifestyle-, and Mental Health-Related Behaviors in Korean Adolescents: Based on the 10th–13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey


Your browser does not support the NLM PubReader view.

Go to this page to see a list of supporting browsers.

Energy Drink Consumption and Dietary-, Lifestyle-, and Mental Health-Related Behaviors in Korean Adolescents: Based on the 10th–13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey

Article information

Korean J Health Promot. 2019;19(3):145-154
Publication date (electronic) : 2019 September 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2019.19.3.145
Jiwon Oh1orcid_icon, Jayong Chung2orcid_icon
1Nutrition Education Major, Graduate School of Education, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
2Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Corresponding author: Jayong Chung, PhD. Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea. Tel: +82-2-961-0977, Fax: +82-2-961-0261, jchung@khu.ac.kr
Received 2019 September 09; Revised 2019 September 26; Accepted 2019 September 30.

Abstract

Background

Energy drinks (EDs), functional beverages with high concentrations of caffeine, can cause health risks. This study examined the frequency of ED consumption and related factors in Korean adolescents.

Methods

Data from the 10th-13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used, and a total of 137,101 boys and 130,806 girls were included in the final analyses. Differences in ED consumption and associated factors were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression analysis, reflecting of the complex sample design.

Results

In total, 17.3% boys and 12.9% girls consumed EDs more than once a week (P<0.001). In particular, 24.2% of all high-school students in the 12th grade consumed more than three EDs a week. After adjusting for confounding factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher ED consumption was significantly associated with a higher soda, sweet-drink, and fast food intake; skipping breakfast; a lower vegetable intake; depression; suicidal thoughts; sleep deprivation; and increased smoking and alcohol drinking.

Conclusions

ED consumption is associated with undesirable dietary-, lifestyle-, and mental health-related behaviors, suggesting the need for appropriate nutrition education in adolescents.

Keywords: Adolescent; Energy drinks; Dietary habit; Life style; Mental health

Notes

This report was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government, NRF-2017R1A2B1009697.

References

1. Lee HS, Kwon SO, Yon M, Kim D, Lee JY, Nam J, et al. Dietary total sugar intake of Koreans: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2011. J Nutr Health 2014;47(4):268–276.
2. Arria AM, Bugbee BA, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB. Evidence and knowledge gaps for the association between energy drink use and high-risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Nutr Rev 2014;72 Suppl 1:87–97.
3. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Study of establishment of recommended daily allowance for caffeine Cheongju: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; 2007. p. 136–158.
4. Yang YM, Huh W, Jeong E, Lee JJ, Choi EJ. An analysis of consumption patterns of high-caffeinated energy drinks and adverse effects by surveys from students at middle and high schools in Korea. Yakhak Hoeji 2014;58(6):387–396.
5. James JE, Baldursdottir B, Johannsdottir KR, Valdimarsdottir HB, Sigfusdottir ID. Adolescent habitual caffeine consumption and hemodynamic reactivity during rest, psychosocial stress, and recovery. J Psychosom Res 2018;110:16–23.
6. Sanchis-Gomar F, Pareja-Galeano H, Cervellin G, Lippi G, Earnest CP. Energy drink overconsumption in adolescents: implications for arrhythmias and other cardiovascular events. Can J Cardiol 2015;31(5):572–575.
7. Harris JL, Munsell CR. Energy drinks and adolescents: what’s the harm? Nutr Rev 2015;73(4):247–257.
8. Ryu SH. Energy drink consumption status and associated factors among male and female high school students in Deajon area. Korean J Food Nutr 2016;29(6):899–910.
9. Park EJ, Kim SY. Caffeinated food consumption patterns and level among high school students in Yongin region. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2017;46(9):1128–1136.
10. Park SH, Lee SH, Chang KJ. Intake-related factors and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students in the Incheon area. J Nutr Health 2017;50(5):460–471.
11. Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey [Internet] Sejong: Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019. Accessed Jun 5, 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.go.kr/yhs/home.jsp?id=m03_05.
12. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017 Korean national growth chart [Internet] Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2017. Accessed Jun 12, 2019. Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/sub08/sub08_01.do.
13. Yoo HS, Sim KH. Survey on the high-caffeine energy drink consumption status of university students in Seoul. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 2014;24(3):407–420.
14. Kim TY, Kim SM, Kim JY, Im JY, Yu H, Han YH, et al. Awareness and consumption of energy drinks and associated factors among college students in Cheongju. Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(1):60–72.
15. Jin MJ, Yoon CH, Ko HJ, Kim HM, Kim AS, Moon HN, et al. The relationship of caffeine intake with depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep in Korean adolescents. Korean J Fam Med 2016;37(2):111–116.
16. National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation. Sugar database compilation for commonly consumed foods Cheongju: National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; 2015. p. 226–236.
17. Bernabé E, Vehkalahti MM, Sheiham A, Aromaa A, Suominen AL. Sugar-sweetened beverage and dental caries in adult: a 4-year prospective study. J Dent 2014;42(8):952–958.
18. Richelsen B. Sugar-sweetened beverages and cardio-metabolic disease risks. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2013;16(4):478–484.
19. Lien L, Lien N, Heyerdahl S, Thoresen M, Bjertness E. Consumption of soft drinks and hyperactivity, mental distress, and conduct problems among adolescents in Oslo, Norway. Am J Public Health 2006;96(10):1815–1820.
20. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Technical Report Series 916: Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease Geneva: WHO; 2013. p. 57–60.
21. Keast RS, Swinburn BA, Sayompark D, Whitelock S, Riddell LJ. Caffeine increases sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in a free-living population: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2015;113(2):366–371.
22. Libuda L, Alexy U, Buyken AE, Sichert-Hellert W, Stehle P, Kersting M. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and its association with nutrient intakes and diet quality in German children and adolescents. Br J Nutr 2009;101(10):1549–1557.
23. Lim YK. The effects of caffeinated beverage intake on serum iron(Fe) and total iron binding capacity(TIBC). Korean Association of Addiction Crime Review 2017;7(1):93–112.
24. Lim SA, Rho SN. Micro mineral responses to caffeine in serum and urine of healthy young females. Korean J Nutr 1993;26(9):1118–1128.
25. Hong KJ, Lee JW, Park MS, Cho YS. A study on the promotion of adolescents milk consumption (I): milk preference and intake pattern of urban adolescents. J Korean Diet Assoc 2007;13(1):61–72.
26. Utter J, Denny S, Teevale T, Sheridan J. Energy drink consumption among New Zealand adolescents: association with mental health, health risk behaviours and body size. J Paediatr Child Health 2018;54(3):279–283.
27. Korea Consumer Agency. Survey on Safety of Energy Drink Eumseong: The Consumer Safety Center; 2013. p. 61–63.
28. An SM, Park JS, Kim SH. Effect of energy drink dose on exercise capacity, heart rate recovery and heart rate variability after high-intensity exercise. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2014;18(1):31–39.
29. Aepli A, Kurth S, Tesler N, Jenni OG, Huber R. Caffeine consuming children and adolescents show altered sleep behavior and deep sleep. Brain Sci 2015;5(4):441–455.
30. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Suicide rates [Internet] Paris: OECD; 2017. Accessed Sep 8, 2019. Available from: https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/suicide-rates.htm.

Article information Continued

Copyright © 2019 Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funded by : National Research Foundation of Koreahttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725
Award ID : NRF-2017R1A2B1009697

Figure 1

Figure 1

The distribution of energy drink consumption frequency in boys and girls. Differences between boys and girls were significantly different (P<0.001), calculated by Rao-Scott chi-square test.

Table 1

General characteristics of study subjects by gender

Table 1

Values are presented as mean±standard error or number (%).

aTotal numbers of some variables are different due to missing values.

bCalculated by generalized linear model (GLM) for continuous variables or by Rao-Scott chi-square test for categorical variables.

Table 2

General characteristics according to energy drink consumption in boys and girlsa

Table 2

Values are presented as mean±standard error or number (%).

aDifferences between general characteristics and energy drink consumption in boys and girls were calculated by generalized linear model (GLM) for continuous variables and by Rao-Scott chi-square test for categorical variables, and all P values were less than 0.001, except for that of residential area in girls (P=0.001).

Table 3

Association between energy drink consumption and dietary- or lifestyle-related behavior in boys and girls

Table 3

Values are presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Abbreviation: ref., reference.

aDependent variables: fruit intake ≥3 vs. <3 times/wk (ref.); vegetables intake ≥1 vs. <1 time/d (ref.); milk intake ≥5 vs. <5 times/wk (ref.); soda intake ≥3 vs. <3 times/wk (ref.); sweet-drink intake ≥3 vs. <3 times/wk (ref.); fast food intake ≥1 vs. <1 time/wk (ref.); skipping breakfast ≥3 vs. <3 days/wk (ref.); underweight vs. normal weight (ref.); overweight and obesity vs. normal weight (ref.); smoking yes vs. no (ref.); drinking yes vs. no (ref.); moderate exercise ≥5 vs. <5 times/wk (ref.); vigorous exercise ≥3 vs. <3 times/wk (ref.); and muscular exercise ≥3 vs. <3 times/wk (ref.).

bAdjusted for age, grade, academic achievement, paternal education, maternal education, economic status, residential area and residential type.

Table 4

Association between energy drink consumption and mental health-related behavior in boys and girls

Table 4

Values are presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Abbreviation: ref., reference.

aDependent variables: sleep hours ≥8 vs. <8 hours/d (ref.); sleep quality satisfactory vs. non-satisfactory (ref.); excessive stress yes vs. no (ref.); sadness or depression yes vs. no (ref.); suicide ideation yes vs. no (ref.); perceived health yes vs. no (ref.); perceived happiness yes vs. no (ref.).

bAdjusted for age, grade, academic achievement, paternal education, maternal education, economic status, residential area and residential type.