Association between Physical Activity and Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Jun-Hwan Jang, Sun-Dong Ryu, Hye-Shin Kim, Keun-Mi Lee, Seung-Pil Jung
- Received October 27, 2015 Accepted June 10, 2016
- ABSTRACT
-
- Background
- Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased likelihood of hypertension, which may lead to increased mortality rates. This study investigated the incidence of hypertension in patients with COPD according to the levels of their physical activities.
- Methods
- This study used data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2010 to 2012, including 1,243 people aged 40 years or older with COPD who were cross-classified according to their levels of physical activity. The relevance of morbidity associated with high blood pressure was also evaluated through cross and logistic regression analyses.
- Results
- Among patients with COPD who performed moderate-intensity physical activities, the group without hypertension had 4.3% higher compared to the group with hypertension (P=0.012). Adjusted analysis for patient age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking habit, income, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and energy intake performed to determine the relationship between physical activity level and hypertension revealed that patients with moderate-intensity physical activity had 53.6% lower (95% confidence interval: 0.288–0.997) incidence of hypertension.
- Conclusions
- The results of the current study suggest that patients with COPD who perform moderate-intensity physical activity have a lower incidence of hypertension.
Table 1.
General Characteristics of subjects (unweighted n = 1,243)
| Variable | Non-hypertension (n = 593) | Hypertension (n = 650) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 74.1 (2.4) | 75.4 (2.3) | 0.673a |
| Current smoking | 64.4 (2.6) | 72 (2.3) | 0.028a |
| Heavy drinker | 13.8 (2) | 11.7 (1.7) | 0.40a |
| Income | 25.7 (2.2) | 32.3 (2.2) | 0.024a |
| Education | 57.3 (2.7) | 61.6 (2.5) | 0.221a |
| Marriage status (yes) | 88.7 (1.6) | 77.5 (2.2) | <0.001a |
| DM (yes) | 12.2 (1.6) | 20.6 (2.1) | 0.002a |
| Hyperlipidemia (yes) | 10 (1.6) | 21.4 (2) | <0.001a |
| Chronic bronchitis or emphysema (yes) | 2.4 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.8) | 0.916a |
| Age, y | 59.7±0.5 | 64.9±0.5 | <0.001b |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3±0.1 | 24.1±0.2 | <0.001b |
| WC, cm | 83.2±0.5 | 86.1±0.4 | <0.001b |
| SBP, mmHg | 116.9±0.6 | 136.2±0.9 | <0.001b |
| DBP, mmHg | 73.9±0.5 | 81.7±0.6 | <0.001b |
| FVC, L | 3.8±0.1 | 3.5±0.1 | <0.001b |
| FEV1, L | 2.4±0.0 | 2.3±0.0 | <0.001b |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.635±0.004 | 0.634±0.003 | 0.742b |
| Energy intake, kcal | 2235.4±60.2 | 1928.5±40.4 | <0.001b |
Table 2.
Association between physical activity and hypertension in COPD patients
| Physical activity | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Vigorous (yes) (n = 154) | Moderate (yes) (n = 92) | Mild (yes) (n = 488) | |
| Non-hypertension | 13 (1.9) | 9.2 (1.5) | 38.2 (2.7) |
| Hypertension | 11 (1.5) | 4.9 (1) | 39.5 (2.3) |
| Pa | 0.390 | 0.012 | 0.709 |
Table 3.
Correlations between hypertension and intensity of physical activity in COPD patientsa
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus. Reference was hypertensive group in COPD patients. Calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Model 1: not adjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and drinking. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, income, DM, hyperlipidemia, and energy intake.
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