The Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation by Age Groups among the Elderly in Korea
- Eun Kyung Kim
- Received September 30, 2014 Accepted May 22, 2015
- ABSTRACT
-
- Background
- This study aimed to compare the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation by age groups among the elderly in Korea.
- Methods
- This cross-sectional study used Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (V-3, 2012). The participants were divided into two age groups: the young-old (n=1,016, 65-74 years), old-old (n=579, 75 years or greater) groups. Multiple logistic regression was used for data analysis.
- Results
- The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 19.6% of young-old and 22.7% of old-old, respectively. There was no difference on prevalence of suicidal ideation by age groups. Risk factors of suicidal ideation differ by age groups. In the young-old group, higher suicidal ideation showed significant correlation with a higher level of depression, perceived stress and a lower level of education, self-rated health. In the old-old group, higher suici-dal ideation showed significant correlation with a higher level of depression, perceived stress, restriction of ac-tivity, and pain/discomfort.
- Conclusions
- Age group-specific nursing strategies may be required for prevention of suicidal ideation in elderly.
Table 1.
Characteristics and suicidal ideation according to age-specific groups (n=1,595)
| Characteristics | Young-old elderly (n=1,016) | Old-old elderly (n=579) | χ2/t | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (±SD)/N (%) | Mean (±SD)/N (%) | ||||
| Suicidal ideation | Yes | 172 (19.6) | 108 (22.7) | 1.38 | 0.242 |
| No | 774 (80.4) | 375 (77.3) | |||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Age, y Sex | Male | 69.31 (±0.12) 452 (45.4) | 78.68 (±0.18) 221 (34.9) | 9.29 | 0.003 |
| Female | 564 (54.6) | 358 (65.1) | |||
| Education | ≤Elementary | 547 (60.5) | 356 (77.3) | 26.59 | <0.001 |
| Middle≤ | 401 (39.5) | 127 (22.7) | |||
| Living condition | With family | 765 (75.4) | 289 (47.4) | 80.03 | <0.001 |
| Place of residence | Alone Rural | 243 (24.6) 730 (70.6) | 288 (52.6) 344 (59.1) | 3.16 | 0.003 |
| Urban | 286 (29.4) | 235 (40.9) | |||
| Household income | 1 quartile (lowest) | 411 (41.7) | 352 (65.2) | 55.17 | <0.001 |
| 2 quartile≤ | 584 (58.3) | 217 (34.8) | |||
| Health characteristics | |||||
| Chronic disease | Yes No | 388 (38.7) 628 (61.3) | 211 (35.4) 368 (64.6) | 1.07 | 0.301 |
| Restriction of activity | Yes | 153 (17.9) | 104 (21.9) | 1.68 | 0.197 |
| No | 799 (82.1) | 381 (78.1) | |||
| Pain/discomfort | Yes | 264 (27.8) | 188 (37.7) | 10.38 | 0.002 |
| No | 690 (72.2) | 304 (62.3) | |||
| Depression | Yes | 133 (14.9) | 86 (19.2) | 2.46 | 0.118 |
| Self-rated health | No Bad | 814 (85.1) 290 (32.4) | 396 (80.8) 180 (37.3) | 2.77 | 0.098 |
| Good | 663 (67.6) | 313 (62.7) | |||
| Perceived stress | More | 195 (20.9) | 101 (21.7) | 0.08 | 0.775 |
| Less | 751 (79.1) | 379 (78.3) | |||
| Walking, min | 74.89 (±3.45) | 57.55 (±3.65) | 2.64 | 0.106 | |
| Sleeping, h | 6.44 (±0.06) | 6.58 (±0.11) | 0.01 | 0.912 |
Table 2.
Factors related to suicidal ideation in the young-old elderly (n=1,016)
| Characteristics | Model 1b | Model 2c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | Pa | OR | (95% CI) | Pa | ||
| Sociodemographic characteriistics | |||||||
| Sex | Male | 0.83 | (0.52-.1.32) | 0.830 | 1.00 | (0.50-2.00) | 0.990 |
| Female | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Education | ≤Elementary Middle≤ | 2.29 1 | (1.38-3.80) | 0.001 | 2.23 1 | (1.10-4.51) | 0.025 |
| Living condition | With family | 0.90 | (0.56-1.46) | 0.678 | 1.26 | (0.57-2.79) | 0.565 |
| Alone | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Place of residence | Rural | 0.88 | (0.58-1.32) | 0.538 | 0.71 | (0.38-1.34) | 0.295 |
| Urban | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Household income | 1 quartile (lowest) | 1.33 | (0.83-2.12) | 0.226 | 0.84 | (0.47-1.53) | 0.585 |
| 2 quartile≤ | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Negelkerke R2 | 0.06 | ||||||
| F (P) | 4.46 (0.001) | ||||||
| Health characteristics | |||||||
| Chronic disease | Yes | 0.71 | (0.38-1.33) | 0.294 | |||
| No | 1 | ||||||
| Restriction of activity | Yes No | 1.35 1 | (0.56-3.25) | 0.501 | |||
| Pain/discomfort | Yes | 1.39 | (0.76-2.54) | 0.273 | |||
| No | 1 | ||||||
| Depression | Yes | 14.15 | (6.13-32.65) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1 | ||||||
| Self-rated health | Poor Good | 2.67 1 | (1.52-4.69) | 0.001 | |||
| Perceived stress | More | 2.31 | (1.10-4.82) | 0.026 | |||
| Less | 1 | ||||||
| Walking | 1.00 | (0.99-1.00) | 0.828 | ||||
| Sleeping | 1.08 | (0.98-1.31) | 0.400 | ||||
| Negelkerke R2 | 0.40 | ||||||
| F (P) | 8.17 (<0.001) | ||||||
Table 3.
Factors related to suicidal ideation in the old-old elderly (n=579)
| Characteristics | Model 1b | Model 2c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | Pa | OR | (95% CI) | Pa | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||
| Sex | Male | 0.77 | (0.35-.1.70) | 0.523 | - | - | - |
| Female | 1 | ||||||
| Education | ≤Elementary | 1.77 | (0.77-4.05) | 0.170 | - | - | - |
| Middle≤ | 1 | ||||||
| Living condition | With family | 0.78 | (0.43-1.41) | 0.416 | - | - | - |
| Alone | 1 | ||||||
| Place of residence | Rural | 1.21 | (0.68-2.17) | 0.500 | - | - | - |
| Urban | 1 | ||||||
| Household income | 1 quartile (lowest) | 0.80 | (0.44-1.45) | 0.477 | - | - | - |
| 2 quartile≤ | 1 | ||||||
| Negelkerke R2 | 0.04 | ||||||
| F (P) | 1.37 (0.236) | ||||||
| Health characteristics | |||||||
| Chronic disease | Yes | 1.32 | (0.45-3.82) | 0.602 | |||
| No | 1 | ||||||
| Restriction of activity | Yes | 3.11 | (1.28-7.53) | 0.012 | |||
| No | 1 | ||||||
| Pain/discomfort | Yes | 2.54 | (1.15-5.63) | 0.021 | |||
| No | 1 | ||||||
| Depression | Yes | 2.49 | (1.09-5.68) | 0.030 | |||
| No | 1 | ||||||
| Self-rated health | Poor | 1.52 | (0.72-3.21) | 0.269 | |||
| Good | 1 | ||||||
| Perceived stress | More | 3.21 | (1.28-8.01) | 0.013 | |||
| Less | 1 | ||||||
| Walking | 0.99 | (0.99-1.00) | 0.746 | ||||
| Sleeping | 1.18 | (0.95-1.48) | 0.124 | ||||
| Negelkerke R2 | 0.31 | ||||||
| F (P) | 5.08 (<0.001) | ||||||
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