Korean Journal of Health Promotion

Lee and Lee: Comparing Ankle Range of Motion, Functional Ability, Talar Tilt Angle and Foot Injuries between High School Ballet Majors with and without Foot Deformities

Original Article: Published online: January 20, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2014.14.2.74; Comparing Ankle Range of Motion, Functional Ability, Talar Tilt Angle and Foot Injuries between High School Ballet Majors with and without Foot Deformities; Chung Moo Lee, Joo Hee Lee; Department of Physical Education, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea; Corresponding author：Chung Moo Lee, PhD Department of Physical Education, Sookmyung Women's University, Suryeon Faculty Building 611, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
Tel: +82-2-710-9439, Fax: +82-303-0799-0369 E-mail: chung@sm.ac.kr This Research was supported by the Sookmyung Women's University Research Grants (1-1303-0199).; Received March 19, 2014 Accepted June 05, 2014; Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare and contrast ankle range of motion, functional ability, talar-tilt angle and foot injuries between high school ballet majors with and without foot deformities and to provide fundamental data about effective intervention methods for their successful performance and injury prevention.

Methods: Subjects were 18 female high school ballet dancers, eight with foot deformities and ten without foot deformities. For statistical analysis, the independent t-test (SPSS 20.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used and the significant level of P<0.050 was selected.

Results: 1. Foot injuries of plantar flexion and talar tilt were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.050). 2. The deformity group displayed a higher proportion of mechanical instability compared to that of the control group.

Conclusions: Foot deformities in high school students majoring in ballet can have negative effects to the ankle joint, with a strong possibility of ankle instability and foot injuries linked to tarlar tilt, and quite probably, of chronic ankle sprain.

Key words: Foot deformities; Foot injuries; Range of motion

Figure 1.

Calcaneal pitch angle

Figure 2.

Talar tilt

Figure 3.

Plantar flexion

Figure 4.

Dorsi flexion

Table 1.

General characteristics of subjects^a

Variables	FDG (n=8)	NCG (n=10)
Age, y^∗	17.50±0.53	17.20±0.78
Career, mo^∗	109.00±29.47	103.30±18.86
Height, cm	164.46±5.28	162.99±2.48
Weight, kg	47.16±3.46	47.75±2.69
FM, kg	8.27±2.28	7.53±1.46
FFM, kg	20.98±2.19	22.06±1.11
%fat, %	20.45±1.23	21.83±1.12
BMI, kg/m²	17.40±1.14	17.77±0.74
Calcaneal pitch angle^b, °	18.46±1.57	22.39±2.69

Abbreviations: FDG, foot deformity group; NCG, normal comparison group; FM, body fat mass; FFM, fat-free mass; %fat, percent fat mass; BMI, body mass index.

^aValues are presented as mean±SD.

^bLateral view of right foot.

Table 2.

Shapiro-Wilk test

Variables	FDG (n=8)			NCG (n=10)
Variables	Statistic	df	P	Statistic	df	P
Range of motion
PF, ^○	0.867	8	0.141	0.911	10	0.291
DF, ^○	0.958	8	0.790	0.927	10	0.418
Balance test, s^∗	0.857	8	0.112	0.928	10	0.432
Side step test, times/20 s	0.882	8	0.197	0.873	10	0.108
Talar tilt, ^○	0.967	8	0.873	0.946	10	0.622

Abbreviations: FDG, foot deformity group; NCG, normal comparison group; PF, plantar flexion; DF, Dorsi flexion.

Table 3.

Comparison of ankle range of motion, functional ability and talar tilt^a

Variables	FDG (n=8)	NCG (n=10)	t	df	P^b
Range of motion
PF, ^○	82.75±5.52	92.60±8.69	–2.778	16	0.013
DF, ^○	19.37±6.20	21.30±8.98	–0.514	16	0.614
Functional ability
Balance test, s^∗	32.37±26.75	38.50±16.47	–0.598	16	0.558
Side step test, times/20 s	16.12±1.12	16.40±1.17	–0.503	16	0.622
Talar tilt, ^○	6.57±2.95	3.70±2.42	2.266	16	0.038

Abbreviations: FDG, foot deformity group; NCG, normal comparison group; PF, plantar flexion; DF, Dorsi flexion.

^aValues are presented as mean±SD.

^bCalculated by independent t-test.

Table 4.

Comparison of foot injury rates^a

Variables	FDG (n=8)	NCG (n=10)
Mechanical instability	3 (37.5)	3 (30.0)
Ingrowing toenail	1 (12.5)	0 (0)
Callus	10 (100)	10 (100)

Abbreviations: FDG, foot deformity group; NCG, normal com parison group.

^aValues are presented as N (%).

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Comparing Ankle Range of Motion, Functional Ability, Talar Tilt Angle and Foot Injuries between High School Ballet Majors with and without Foot Deformities