Association between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Vitamin D Levels in Adult Men in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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In Kyung Jung
- Received August 26, 2019 Revised October 24, 2019 Accepted November 12, 2019
- ABSTRACT
-
- Background
- Patients with metabolic syndrome had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency is also related to metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and HDL-C levels.
- Methods
- To determine the association between HDL-C and vitamin D levels, 5,537 males who had no missing values were systematically selected from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Then, the association was investigated by a multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the effects of confounding factors on vitamin D and HDL-C levels, such as age, body mass index (BMI), sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors.
- Results
- In Korean men aged ≥20 years, the mean vitamin D and HDL-C levels were 18.3±0.2 ng/mL and 46.8±0.2 mg/dL, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of low HDL-C levels was 29.2±0.8%. After adjusting for age, BMI, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors, the risk of low HDL-C levels in the lowest quartile of vitamin D level was 1.296 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.035–1.623) times higher and that in the second quartile of vitamin D level was 1.354 (95% CI, 1.086–1.690) times higher than that in the third quartile of vitamin D level (P<0.05).
- Conclusions
- The risk of low HDL-C levels is associated with vitamin D level after adjustment for age, BMI, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors.
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Table 3
The possible characteristics associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N, unweighted frequency; SE, standard error.
aCalculated by complex sample descriptive statistics.
bCalculated by complex sample general linear model.
Table 4
Association of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in men aged ≥20 years in KNHANES V
Values are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval).
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CI, confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OR, odds ratio.
aAdjusted by BMI and age.
bAdjusted by factors in model 1 and sociodemographic factors; e.g., region, residence, household income, education, and occupation.
cAdjusted by factors in model 2 and life style factors; e.g., physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol use.
dCalculated by complex sample logistic regression analysis.