Effects of Recumbent Angle during Cycling on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Rate Pressure Product during Exercise and Recovery
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Seong Dae Kim1
, Il Gyu Jeong1, Yun Suk Koh2, Hee-Hyuk Lee1
- Received August 01, 2019 Revised September 30, 2019 Accepted September 30, 2019
- ABSTRACT
-
- Background
- The cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and rate pressure product (RPP) have been reported to benefit hemodynamics more during exercise in the recumbent position than during that in the upright position. However, it is unclear which angle is of the greatest benefit to hemodynamics during exercise in the recumbent position. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the recumbent angle on CBFV and RPP during exercise.
- Methods
- In a balanced crossover study, 15 healthy volunteers (age, 18.7±1.1 years) were asked to perform the bicycle exercise four times in the upright and at recumbent angles of 67° (R), 47°R, and 15°R, with weekly intervals between each condition. The exercise intensity was set initially at 50 W and increased by 25 W every 2 minutes up to 150 W. CBFV in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was measured using transcranial doppler sonography. All data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.
- Results
- CBFV at 15°R was significantly higher than that in the upright position and at 67°R at 10 minutes recovery (69±16 vs. 56±7 and 58±10 cm/s, respectively; P<0.05). The RPP was significantly lower at 67°R, 47°R, and 15°R than in the upright position immediately after exercise (176±23, 177±22, and 173±26, respectively, vs. 241±42 mmHg×beats/min×10−2; P<0.001).
- Conclusions
- At an angle of less than 67°R, exercise increases CBFV and reduces RPP, relative to those during exercise in the upright position. This hemodynamic effect was most prominent at 15°R, where cerebral circulation was further increased in the recovery phase.
- NOTES
- NOTES
This work was supported by 2019 Hannam University Research Fund.
- REFERENCES
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Table 2
Changes of Cerebral blood flow velocity
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
F-values are calculated using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.
Abbreviations: 15°R, 15° recumbent group; 47°R, 47° recumbent group; 67°R, 67° recumbent group; EDV, maximum end-diastolic velocity; G, group; Mean, mean flow velocity; Peak, peak systolic velocity; T, time; Upright, upright group.
aSignificantly different from rest (P<0.05).
bSignificantly different from the upright group (P<0.05).
cSignificantly different from the upright group (P<0.01).
dSignificantly different from the upright group (P<0.001).
eSignificantly different from the 67°R group (P<0.05).
Table 3
Changes of rate pressure product, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
F-values are calculated using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.
Abbreviations: 15°R, 15° recumbent group; 47°R, 47° recumbent group; 67°R, 67° recumbent group; G, group; T, time; Upright, upright group.
aSignificantly different from rest (P<0.05).
bSignificantly different from the upright group (P<0.01).
cSignificantly different from the upright group (P<0.001).