Effects of Satisfaction with Social Support on Complicated Grief in Bereaved Dementia Caregivers
- IlSung Nam1, Dhawoon Hyun2,
- Received December 02, 2013 Accepted June 10, 2014
- ABSTRACT
-
- Background
- While complicated grief can lead to adverse health outcomes, social support has been shown to be an important protective factor of its negative effects. The present study investigated the relationship between social support including satisfaction with support, received support, and negative interactions and complicated grief in the transitional context from caregiving to bereavement.
- Methods
- Bereaved caregivers (n=221) who participated in a multi-site study of dementia caregiving were assessed for complicated grief. Social support measured before and after death were used to examine the longitudinal associations among social support and complicated grief.
- Results
- We found that caregivers reporting greater increase in satisfaction with social support were likely to experience lower levels of complicated grief, while the amount of received social support did not significantly impact complicated grief. Negative social interaction was significantly associated with the level of complicated grief after the death of the care recipient.
- Conclusions
- The relationship between social support and complicated grief suggests that satisfaction with social support may be associated with lower levels of complicated grief. Study findings point to the importance of the type of social support for reducing the level of complicated grief.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, social support, and caregiving characteristics
Table 2.
Correlations for complicated grief and social support constructsa
| Correlation coefficient | Pa | |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction with social support | ||
| Before death | ‐0.10 | 0.071 |
| After death | ‐0.26 | <0.001 |
| Change | ‐0.16 | 0.031 |
| Received social support | ||
| Before death | 0.02 | 0.142 |
| After death | 0.12 | 0.065 |
| Change | 0.10 | 0.072 |
| Negative social interaction | ||
| Before death | 0.12 | 0.065 |
| After death | 0.21 | 0.003 |
| Change | 0.06 | 0.105 |
Table 3.
Regression results on relationships between satisfaction with social support and complicated griefa
| B | SE | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change in satisfaction with social support | –0.783 | 0.391 | 0.041 |
| Caregiver's age | –0.052 | 0.071 | 0.471 |
| Care-recipient's age | –0.264 | 0.112 | 0.033 |
| Female | –3.591 | 2.361 | 0.132 |
| Race (ref group: White) | |||
| Black | 1.791 | 2.193 | 0.412 |
| Hispanic | 0.262 | 2.794 | 0.934 |
| Caregiver education (ref group: <high school) | |||
| High school graduate | –2.564 | 2.264 | 0.261 |
| College graduate | –4.734 | 2.271 | 0.042 |
| Time since loss | 0.023 | 0.013 | 0.123 |
| REACH intervention assignment | –1.872 | 1.774 | 0.292 |
| Antidepressant use | 5.611 | 2.092 | 0.011 |
| Years of caregiving for care-recipient | –0.017 | 0.201 | 0.934 |
| Hours per day spent caregiving | –0.041 | 0.131 | 0.774 |
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