Energy Expenditure on a User Sensitive Spontaneous Speed Control Treadmill

Dae-Taek Lee; Youn-Sun Son; Bong-Yeon Hwang; Yoon-Jung Bae

doi:10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.1.1

Korean J Health Promot > Volume 15(1); 2015 > Article

Lee, Son, Hwang, and Bae: Energy Expenditure on a User Sensitive Spontaneous Speed Control Treadmill

Original Article

Korean Journal of Health Promotion 2015;15(1):1-8.

Published online: December 19, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.1.1

Energy Expenditure on a User Sensitive Spontaneous Speed Control Treadmill

Dae-Taek Lee¹, Youn-Sun Son¹, Bong-Yeon Hwang¹, Yoon-Jung Bae²

¹Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea

²MediPlus Solution, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author：Bong-Yeon Hwang, PhD Department of Physical Education, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea
Tel: +82-2-910-5183, Fax: +82-2-910-4789 E-mail: hbo77@kookmin.ac.kr

Received August 15, 2014 Accepted November 28, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT

Background

A conventional treadmill provides manually controlled constant speed during exercise. A fast interactive automatic speed control treadmill (FAST), which is highly sensitive to the position of the user on the belt and spontaneously adjusts its speed accordingly, was evaluated in terms of energy expenditure (EE) during exercise.

Methods

A total of 43 subjects were recruited and assigned to one of three exercise intensity groups- low (LIG; 40-50% of VO₂max), moderate (MIG; 55-65% of VO₂max), and high (HIG; 70-80% of VO₂max). During the first test (Test-1), each subject performed an exercise bout on the FAST while spontaneously changing their locomotion speed within their assigned range of intensity. The average speed in Test-1 was calculated and applied to the second test (Test-2), in which the subjects exercised at a constant belt speed and matched the total travel distance of Test-1. During the tests, the oxygen uptake (VO₂), heart rate (HR), respiratory quotient (RQ), oxygen pulse (OP), and EE of each subject were measured.

Results

The average VO₂ in Test-1 was higher than that in Test-2 for both the LIG (22.95±2.55 vs. 21.72±2.90 ml/kg/min) and MIG (31.17±3.75 vs. 29.73±4.86 mL/kg/min) (P<.05) subjects. The EE in Test-1 was higher than that in Test-2 for both the LIG (7.09±1.67 vs. 6.71±1.73 kcal/min) and MIG (9.79±2.62 vs. 9.32±2.71 kcal/min) (P<.05) subjects. The HR, RQ, and OP in the LIG and the MIG were similar. There was no difference between Test-1 and Test-2 in any of the metabolic parameters for the HIG subjects.

Conclusions

The results indicated that, low- to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise at varying speeds required higher energy expenditure than that at a constant speed. Thus, a treadmill with a spontaneous speed variation function may be an effective exercise modality that increases energy expenditure.

Keywords: Energy expenditure, Exercise intensity, Speed variation, Walking, Running

Figure 1.

Metabolic responses and energy expenditure of three exercise intensity groups by varying and constant treadmill speed.

Table 1.

Physical characteristics of subjects^a

Variables	Low-intensity group			Moderate-intensity group			High-intensity group			P^b
	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total
	(n=7)	(n=6)	(n=13)	(n=7)	(n=7)	(n=14)	(n=8)	(n=8)	(n=16)
Age, y	26.7±6.8	23.2±3.7	25.1±5.6	23.9±4.1	21.4±2.6	22.6±3.5	26.0±4.6	23.1±3.8	24.6±4.3	0.340
Height, cm	173.4±4.3	162.0±3.7	168.1±7.1	174.8±4.8	163.1±3.6	169.0±7.3	176.0±3.4	164.2±4.3	170.1±7.2	0.757
Weight, kg	74.1±9.7	51.9±2.4	63.9±13.5	72.4±7.4	53.5±3.4	63.0±11.3	73.9±7.3	55.1±7.4	64.5±12.0	0.940
Body fat, %	18.5±7.4	21.9±3.7	20.1±6.0	14.2±4.0	23.7±3.7	19.0±6.2	16.2±4.2	23.8±3.1	20.0±5.3	0.931
BMI, kg/m²	24.7±3.4	19.8±0.9	22.4±3.6	23.7±1.9	20.1±1.1	21.9±2.4	23.8±2.0	20.4±2.0	22.1±2.6	0.881
Resting HR, beat/min	60.3±2.4	67.8±8.7	63.8±7.1	58.6±3.5	66.6±8.6	62.6±7.6	60.1±6.5	62.8±3.3	61.4±5.2	0.409
Maximal HR, beat/min	191.1±11.9	186.3±3.9	188.9±9.1	190.0±9.0	188.3±3.9	189.1±6.7	188.5±7.3	187.3±8.7	187.9±7.8	0.901
VO_2max, mL/kg/min	51.7±7.9	47.7±4.3	49.8±6.6	57.8±2.8	46.1±4.7	51.9±7.1	54.4±4.4	44.3±2.9	49.3 ± 6.3	0.544

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; VO_2max, maximal oxygen consumption.

^aValues are presented as mean±SD.

^bTotal were analyzed by one way ANOVA.

Table 2.

Range of target oxygen consumption and average speed during tests^a

	Low-intensity group			Moderate-intensity group			High-intensity group
	Man	Woman	Total	Man	Woman	Total	Man	Woman	Total
	(n=7)	(n=6)	(n=13)	(n=7)	(n=7)	(n=14)	(n=8)	(n=8)	(n=16)
Range of target VO₂,	20.7±3.2	19.1±1.7	19.9±2.6	31.8±1.5	25.4±2.6	28.6±3.9	38.1±3.1	31.0±2.0	34.5±4.4
mL/kg/min	- 25.8±4.0	- 23.8±2.1 -	- 24.9±3.3	- 37.6±1.8	- 30.0±3.1 -	- 33.8±4.6	- 43.5±3.5	- - 35.4±2.3	- 39.5±5.1
Average speed, km/h	6.7±0.4	6.3±0.5	6.5±0.5	8.3±0.4	7.1±0.8	7.7±0.9	10.4±0.9	7.6±1.0	9.1±1.7
Speed(min. - max.) in	3.8±0.6	3.5±0.6	3.7±0.6	3.8±1.1	4.2±0.6	4.0±0.9	4.3±0.5	3.8±1.4	4.1±1.0
Test-1, km/h	- 9.4±1.5	- 9.2±1.6	- 9.3±1.5	- 12.2±1.0	- - 10.3±1.5	- 11.3±1.5	- 14.4±1.3	- - 11.6±1.4	- 13.0±2.0

Abbreviation: VO₂, oxygen uptake.

^aValues are presented as mean±SD.

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