kjhp Korean Journal of Health Promotion Korean J Health Promot 2234-2141 2093-5676 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 10.15384/kjhp.2016.16.2.77 kjhp-16-77 Original Article Association between Physical Activity and Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease JangJun-Hwan RyuSun-Dong KimHye-Shin LeeKeun-Mi JungSeung-Pil Department of Family Medicine, Yeung-Nam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea Corresponding author: Seung-Pil Jung, MD, PhD Department of Family Medicine, Yeung-Nam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea Tel: +82-53-620-3542, Fax: +82-53-654-2413 E-mail: spjung@yu.ac.kr 01 2016 20 01 2016 16 2 77 83 27102015 10062016 Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased likelihood of hypertension, which may lead to increased mortality rates. This study investigated the incidence of hypertension in patients with COPD according to the levels of their physical activities.

 Methods

This study used data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2010 to 2012, including 1,243 people aged 40 years or older with COPD who were cross-classified according to their levels of physical activity. The relevance of morbidity associated with high blood pressure was also evaluated through cross and logistic regression analyses.

 Results

Among patients with COPD who performed moderate-intensity physical activities, the group without hypertension had 4.3% higher compared to the group with hypertension (P=0.012). Adjusted analysis for patient age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking habit, income, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and energy intake performed to determine the relationship between physical activity level and hypertension revealed that patients with moderate-intensity physical activity had 53.6% lower (95% confidence interval: 0.288–0.997) incidence of hypertension.

 Conclusions

The results of the current study suggest that patients with COPD who perform moderate-intensity physical activity have a lower incidence of hypertension.

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General Characteristics of subjects (unweighted n = 1,243)

Variable Non-hypertension (n = 593) Hypertension (n = 650) P
Male sex 74.1 (2.4) 75.4 (2.3) 0.673a
Current smoking 64.4 (2.6) 72 (2.3) 0.028a
Heavy drinker 13.8 (2) 11.7 (1.7) 0.40a
Income 25.7 (2.2) 32.3 (2.2) 0.024a
Education 57.3 (2.7) 61.6 (2.5) 0.221a
Marriage status (yes) 88.7 (1.6) 77.5 (2.2) <0.001a
DM (yes) 12.2 (1.6) 20.6 (2.1) 0.002a
Hyperlipidemia (yes) 10 (1.6) 21.4 (2) <0.001a
Chronic bronchitis or emphysema (yes) 2.4 (0.7) 2.5 (0.8) 0.916a
Age, y 59.7±0.5 64.9±0.5 <0.001b
BMI, kg/m2 23.3±0.1 24.1±0.2 <0.001b
WC, cm 83.2±0.5 86.1±0.4 <0.001b
SBP, mmHg 116.9±0.6 136.2±0.9 <0.001b
DBP, mmHg 73.9±0.5 81.7±0.6 <0.001b
FVC, L 3.8±0.1 3.5±0.1 <0.001b
FEV1, L 2.4±0.0 2.3±0.0 <0.001b
FEV1/FVC 0.635±0.004 0.634±0.003 0.742b
Energy intake, kcal 2235.4±60.2 1928.5±40.4 <0.001b

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Values are presented as percentage (SE) or mean±SE.

Calculated by chi-square test.

Calculated by t-test.

Association between physical activity and hypertension in COPD patients

  Physical activity
  Vigorous (yes) (n = 154) Moderate (yes) (n = 92) Mild (yes) (n = 488)
Non-hypertension 13 (1.9) 9.2 (1.5) 38.2 (2.7)
Hypertension 11 (1.5) 4.9 (1) 39.5 (2.3)
Pa 0.390 0.012 0.709

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Values are presented as percentage (SE).

Calculated by chi-square test.

Correlations between hypertension and intensity of physical activity in COPD patientsa

  Physical activity
  Vigorous (yes) (n = 154) Moderate (yes) (n = 92) Mild (yes) (n = 488)
Model 1b 0.830a (0.542–1.270) 0.511a (0.299–0.871) 1.060a (0.782–1.435)
Model 2c 0.962a (0.607–1.526) 0.528a (0.298–0.938) 0.992a (0.724–1.359)
Model 3d 0.789a (0.497–1.252) 0.536a (0.288–0.997) 0.951a (0.668–1.356)

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus. Reference was hypertensive group in COPD patients. Calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Model 1: not adjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and drinking. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, income, DM, hyperlipidemia, and energy intake.