kjhp Korean Journal of Health Promotion Korean J Health Promot 2234-2141 2093-5676 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.2.83 kjhp-15-83 Original Article Effects of Tongue-Holding Maneuver Compared with Mendelsohn Maneuver on Swallowing Function in Stroke Patients JungSun Eun 1 2 HanMi Ah 3 ParkJong 3 ChoiSeong Woo 3 Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea Department of rehabilitation, Chosun University Honam Regional Rehabilitation Hospital, Gwangju, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea Corresponding author：Mi Ah Han, MD, PhD Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea Tel: +82-62-230-6481, Fax: +82-62-225-8293 Email: mahan@chosun.ac.kr

This article is a condensed form of the first author's master's thesis from Chosun University.

 122015 19122015 152 8390 05032015 23042015 Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background

Dysphagia is a common complication in stroke patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the tongue-holding maneuver over an 8-week period on the swallowing function in stroke patients.

 Methods

Twenty-eight stroke patients with dysphagia diagnosed within 1 year were randomly allocated to the experimental or control groups. The experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=13) performed the tongue-holding and Mendelsohn maneuver, respectively. And both groups additionally participated in traditional dysphagia therapy. The maneuvers were conducted for thirty minutes a day, five days a week, for six weeks, totaling forty sessions. Swallowing function with the functional dysphagia scale and swallowing pain with the visual analogue scale between the 2 groups were tested by chi-square tests, Mann-whitney testes, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

 Results

The general characteristics, including age, sex, and disease history, between the two groups did not differ. After 8 weeks of intervention, swallowing function at the oral phase and the pharyngeal phase and the total score was significantly improved in both experimental and control groups. Also, swallowing pain decreased significantly in both groups. However, the change to swallowing function and pain between the groups were not different.

 Conclusions

The tongue-holding maneuver practiced over an eight-week period improved the swallowing function in stroke patients.

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Tongue-holding maneuver.

Mendelsohn maneuver.

Basic characteristics of subjects

Experimental group (n=15) Control group (n=13) P
Sex
Male 8 (53.3) 6 (46.2) 0.705
Female 7 (46.7) 7 (53.8)
Age, y
<65 10 (66.7) 6 (46.2) 0.274
≥65 5 (33.3) 7 (53.8)
Diagnosis
Infarction 8 (53.3) 9 (69.2) 0.390
Hemorrhage 7 (46.7) 4 (30.8)
Duration
<6 7 (46.7) 8 (61.5) 0.431
≥6 8 (53.3) 5 (38.5)
Lifetime smoking experience
Yes 4 (26.7) 4 (30.8) 0.811
No 11 (73.3) 9 (69.2)
Lifetime drinking experience
Yes 10 (66.7) 7 (53.8) 0.488
No 5 (33.3) 6 (46.2)
Operation history
Yes 3 (20.0) 6 (46.2) 0.139
No 12 (80.0) 7 (53.8)
Disease history
Yes 11 (73.3) 8 (61.5) 0.505
No 4 (26.7) 5 (38.5)
Therapist
A 11 (73.3) 9 (69.2) 0.811
B 4 (26.7) 4 (30.8)

Values are presented as n (%).

Comparison of changes on the functional dysphagia scale before and after intervention

Experimental group Control group P
Oral phase
Pre 4.6±3.0 5.5±3.2 0.433
Post 3.0±3.4 4.4±2.8 0.113
Difference (pre-post) 1.6±1.5 1.2±1.5 0.331
P 0.006 0.020
Pharyngeal phase
Pre 29.2±12.5 32.6±14.3 0.711
Post 20.4±10.9 24.8±13.3 0.546
Difference (pre-post) 8.8±5.5 7.9±5.7 0.469
P 0.001 0.001
Total
Pre 33.8±13.1 38.2±15.7 0.419
Post 23.4±11.8 29.2±14.7 0.278
Difference (pre-post) 10.4±5.0 9.0±5.9 0.276
P 0.001 0.001

Values are presented as mean±SD.

Comparison of pain changes on the visual analogue scale before and after intervention

Experimental group Control group P
Pre 7.3±1.1 6.6±1.1 0.164
Post 4.9±0.8 4.7±0.9 0.675
Difference (pre-post) 2.4±0.9 1.9±0.8 0.199
P 0.001 0.001

Values are presented as mean±SD.