kjhp Korean Journal of Health Promotion Korean J Health Promot 2234-2141 2093-5676 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.1.1 kjhp-15-1 Original Article Energy Expenditure on a User Sensitive Spontaneous Speed Control Treadmill LeeDae-Taek 1 SonYoun-Sun 1 HwangBong-Yeon 1 BaeYoon-Jung 2 Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea MediPlus Solution, Seoul, Korea Corresponding author：Bong-Yeon Hwang, PhD Department of Physical Education, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea Tel: +82-2-910-5183, Fax: +82-2-910-4789 E-mail: hbo77@kookmin.ac.kr 122015 19122015 151 18 15082014 28112014 Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background

A conventional treadmill provides manually controlled constant speed during exercise. A fast interactive automatic speed control treadmill (FAST), which is highly sensitive to the position of the user on the belt and spontaneously adjusts its speed accordingly, was evaluated in terms of energy expenditure (EE) during exercise.

 Methods

A total of 43 subjects were recruited and assigned to one of three exercise intensity groups- low (LIG; 40-50% of VO2max), moderate (MIG; 55-65% of VO2max), and high (HIG; 70-80% of VO2max). During the first test (Test-1), each subject performed an exercise bout on the FAST while spontaneously changing their locomotion speed within their assigned range of intensity. The average speed in Test-1 was calculated and applied to the second test (Test-2), in which the subjects exercised at a constant belt speed and matched the total travel distance of Test-1. During the tests, the oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory quotient (RQ), oxygen pulse (OP), and EE of each subject were measured.

 Results

The average VO2 in Test-1 was higher than that in Test-2 for both the LIG (22.95±2.55 vs. 21.72±2.90 ml/kg/min) and MIG (31.17±3.75 vs. 29.73±4.86 mL/kg/min) (P<.05) subjects. The EE in Test-1 was higher than that in Test-2 for both the LIG (7.09±1.67 vs. 6.71±1.73 kcal/min) and MIG (9.79±2.62 vs. 9.32±2.71 kcal/min) (P<.05) subjects. The HR, RQ, and OP in the LIG and the MIG were similar. There was no difference between Test-1 and Test-2 in any of the metabolic parameters for the HIG subjects.

 Conclusions

The results indicated that, low- to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise at varying speeds required higher energy expenditure than that at a constant speed. Thus, a treadmill with a spontaneous speed variation function may be an effective exercise modality that increases energy expenditure.

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Metabolic responses and energy expenditure of three exercise intensity groups by varying and constant treadmill speed.

Physical characteristics of subjectsa

Variables Low-intensity group Moderate-intensity group High-intensity group Pb
Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total
(n=7) (n=6) (n=13) (n=7) (n=7) (n=14) (n=8) (n=8) (n=16)
Age, y 26.7±6.8 23.2±3.7 25.1±5.6 23.9±4.1 21.4±2.6 22.6±3.5 26.0±4.6 23.1±3.8 24.6±4.3 0.340
Height, cm 173.4±4.3 162.0±3.7 168.1±7.1 174.8±4.8 163.1±3.6 169.0±7.3 176.0±3.4 164.2±4.3 170.1±7.2 0.757
Weight, kg 74.1±9.7 51.9±2.4 63.9±13.5 72.4±7.4 53.5±3.4 63.0±11.3 73.9±7.3 55.1±7.4 64.5±12.0 0.940
Body fat, % 18.5±7.4 21.9±3.7 20.1±6.0 14.2±4.0 23.7±3.7 19.0±6.2 16.2±4.2 23.8±3.1 20.0±5.3 0.931
BMI, kg/m2 24.7±3.4 19.8±0.9 22.4±3.6 23.7±1.9 20.1±1.1 21.9±2.4 23.8±2.0 20.4±2.0 22.1±2.6 0.881
Resting HR, beat/min 60.3±2.4 67.8±8.7 63.8±7.1 58.6±3.5 66.6±8.6 62.6±7.6 60.1±6.5 62.8±3.3 61.4±5.2 0.409
Maximal HR, beat/min 191.1±11.9 186.3±3.9 188.9±9.1 190.0±9.0 188.3±3.9 189.1±6.7 188.5±7.3 187.3±8.7 187.9±7.8 0.901
VO2max, mL/kg/min 51.7±7.9 47.7±4.3 49.8±6.6 57.8±2.8 46.1±4.7 51.9±7.1 54.4±4.4 44.3±2.9 49.3 ± 6.3 0.544

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; VO2max, maximal oxygen consumption.

Values are presented as mean±SD.

Total were analyzed by one way ANOVA.

Range of target oxygen consumption and average speed during testsa

Low-intensity group Moderate-intensity group High-intensity group
Man Woman Total Man Woman Total Man Woman Total
(n=7) (n=6) (n=13) (n=7) (n=7) (n=14) (n=8) (n=8) (n=16)
Range of target VO2, 20.7±3.2 19.1±1.7 19.9±2.6 31.8±1.5 25.4±2.6 28.6±3.9 38.1±3.1 31.0±2.0 34.5±4.4
mL/kg/min - 25.8±4.0 - 23.8±2.1 - - 24.9±3.3 - 37.6±1.8 - 30.0±3.1 - - 33.8±4.6 - 43.5±3.5 - - 35.4±2.3 - 39.5±5.1
Average speed, km/h 6.7±0.4 6.3±0.5 6.5±0.5 8.3±0.4 7.1±0.8 7.7±0.9 10.4±0.9 7.6±1.0 9.1±1.7
Speed(min. - max.) in 3.8±0.6 3.5±0.6 3.7±0.6 3.8±1.1 4.2±0.6 4.0±0.9 4.3±0.5 3.8±1.4 4.1±1.0
Test-1, km/h - 9.4±1.5 - 9.2±1.6 - 9.3±1.5 - 12.2±1.0 - - 10.3±1.5 - 11.3±1.5 - 14.4±1.3 - - 11.6±1.4 - 13.0±2.0

Abbreviation: VO2, oxygen uptake.

Values are presented as mean±SD.