kjhp Korean Journal of Health Promotion Korean J Health Promot 2234-2141 2093-5676 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 10.15384/kjhp.2014.14.2.74 kjhp-14-74 Original Article Comparing Ankle Range of Motion, Functional Ability, Talar Tilt Angle and Foot Injuries between High School Ballet Majors with and without Foot Deformities LeeChung Moo LeeJoo Hee Department of Physical Education, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea Corresponding author：Chung Moo Lee, PhD Department of Physical Education, Sookmyung Women's University, Suryeon Faculty Building 611, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea Tel: +82-2-710-9439, Fax: +82-303-0799-0369 E-mail: chung@sm.ac.kr This Research was supported by the Sookmyung Women's University Research Grants (1-1303-0199). 01 2014 20 01 2014 14 2 74 81 19032014 05062014 Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background

The purpose of the study was to compare and contrast ankle range of motion, functional ability, talar-tilt angle and foot injuries between high school ballet majors with and without foot deformities and to provide fundamental data about effective intervention methods for their successful performance and injury prevention.

 Methods

Subjects were 18 female high school ballet dancers, eight with foot deformities and ten without foot deformities. For statistical analysis, the independent t-test (SPSS 20.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used and the significant level of P<0.050 was selected.

 Results

1. Foot injuries of plantar flexion and talar tilt were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.050). 2. The deformity group displayed a higher proportion of mechanical instability compared to that of the control group.

 Conclusions

Foot deformities in high school students majoring in ballet can have negative effects to the ankle joint, with a strong possibility of ankle instability and foot injuries linked to tarlar tilt, and quite probably, of chronic ankle sprain.

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Calcaneal pitch angle

Talar tilt

Plantar flexion

Dorsi flexion

General characteristics of subjectsa

Variables FDG (n=8) NCG (n=10)
Age, y∗ 17.50±0.53 17.20±0.78
Career, mo∗ 109.00±29.47 103.30±18.86
Height, cm 164.46±5.28 162.99±2.48
Weight, kg 47.16±3.46 47.75±2.69
FM, kg 8.27±2.28 7.53±1.46
FFM, kg 20.98±2.19 22.06±1.11
%fat, % 20.45±1.23 21.83±1.12
BMI, kg/m2 17.40±1.14 17.77±0.74
Calcaneal pitch angleb, ° 18.46±1.57 22.39±2.69

Abbreviations: FDG, foot deformity group; NCG, normal comparison group; FM, body fat mass; FFM, fat-free mass; %fat, percent fat mass; BMI, body mass index.

Values are presented as mean±SD.

Lateral view of right foot.

Shapiro-Wilk test

Variables FDG (n=8) NCG (n=10)
Statistic df P Statistic df P
Range of motion            
 PF, ○ 0.867 8 0.141 0.911 10 0.291
 DF, ○ 0.958 8 0.790 0.927 10 0.418
Balance test, s∗ 0.857 8 0.112 0.928 10 0.432
Side step test, times/20 s 0.882 8 0.197 0.873 10 0.108
Talar tilt, ○ 0.967 8 0.873 0.946 10 0.622

Abbreviations: FDG, foot deformity group; NCG, normal comparison group; PF, plantar flexion; DF, Dorsi flexion.

Comparison of ankle range of motion, functional ability and talar tilta

Variables FDG (n=8) NCG (n=10) t df Pb
Range of motion          
 PF, ○ 82.75±5.52 92.60±8.69 –2.778 16 0.013
 DF, ○ 19.37±6.20 21.30±8.98 –0.514 16 0.614
Functional ability          
 Balance test, s∗ 32.37±26.75 38.50±16.47 –0.598 16 0.558
 Side step test, times/20 s 16.12±1.12 16.40±1.17 –0.503 16 0.622
Talar tilt, ○ 6.57±2.95 3.70±2.42 2.266 16 0.038

Abbreviations: FDG, foot deformity group; NCG, normal comparison group; PF, plantar flexion; DF, Dorsi flexion.

Values are presented as mean±SD.

Calculated by independent t-test.

Comparison of foot injury ratesa

Variables FDG (n=8) NCG (n=10)
Mechanical instability 3 (37.5) 3 (30.0)
Ingrowing toenail 1 (12.5) 0 (0)
Callus 10 (100) 10 (100)

Abbreviations: FDG, foot deformity group; NCG, normal com parison group.

Values are presented as N (%).